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考研基礎英語詞匯
考研備考期，除了背誦專業課和政治，英語詞匯的積累也不能落下。為了幫助大家，小編分享了一些考研基礎詞匯，希望能幫到大家!
文化社會生活類
彩票 lottery ticket
保健食品 health-care food
暴發戶 new rich; upstart
民工潮 farmer’s frenzied hunt for work in cities
下崗工人 laid-off workers
人口老齡化 aging/ graying population
人口高峰 baby boom
人口負增長 negative population growth
流動人口 moving population
收視率 viewing rate
售后服務 after-sale service
再就業工程 re-employment project
自由職業者 free lancer
性別歧視 sexual discrimination
性價比 cost performance
水貨 smuggled goods
水土流失 soil erosion
文化滲透 cultural infiltration
跳槽 job-hopping
搶購 panic buying
甩賣 clearance sale
公益廣告 public-interest advertisement
讓利 offer discounts
出國熱 craze for going abroad
社會福利制度 the social welfare system
享受公費醫療 enjoy public health care
世界衛生組織 World Health Organization (WHO)
黃昏戀 twilight love
賀歲片 New Year film
記者招待會 press/ news conference
賣淫 prostitute oneself and visit prostitutes
制造假鈔 make the false notes
吸毒者 a drug addict
出售黃色錄像 sell obscene video tapes
傳銷 pyramid-selling; multi-level marketing
環境法律醫療類等
溫室效應 green-house effect
沙漠化 desertification
過度放牧 overgrazing
過度捕魚 over-fishing
濫砍亂伐 clear-cutting
退耕還林 return cultivated land to forest
沙塵暴 sand storm
生態危機 ecological forest
破壞生態平衡 destroy / upset the ecological balance
自然保護區 nature reserve
環境綠化 environmental greening
禽流感 bird flu
瘋牛病 mad cow disease/ BSE
口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease
非典 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
偷稅﹑騙稅 tax evasion and tax fraud
掃黃打非 eliminate pornography and illegal publications
嚴打斗爭 strike-hard campaign
公正合理的國際政治經濟新秩序
a new and rational new international political and economic order
外交紛爭 diplomatic disputes
維護世界和平 safeguard world peace
國際慣例 international common practice
民族分裂主義 ethnic separatism
宗教極端主義 religious extremism
世界的基本格局 basic world pattern
教育與科學技術類
科技含量 technology content
科教興國 rely on science, technology and education to rejuvenate the nation
可持續發展戰略 strategy of sustainable development
工業園區 industrial park
技術密集型產品 technology-intensive product
新興學科 new branch of science
邊緣學科 frontier science
高速寬帶互聯網 high-speed broadband networks
電腦病毒 computer viruses
電子商務 e-commerce; e-business
黑客 hacker
數字地球 digital globe
局域網 local area network
人工智能 artificial intelligence
網上沖浪 web-surfing
網絡世界 cyber world
網上犯罪 cyber crime
信息高速公路 information highland
網民 netizen
虛擬現實 virtual reality
克隆 cloning
基因工程 genetic engineering
轉基因食品 genetically modified food
“神舟六號”載人飛船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI
掌上電腦 palm computer
主頁 home page
語音信箱 voice mail
網絡經濟 cyber-economy
網蟲 netter; Internet geek
網戀 cyber romance; virtual romance
高精尖技術 high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology
科技扶貧 support poor areas using technology
科研攻關 work towards key technological breakthroughs
自費研究生 self-supporting graduate student
委托培養 consign the training of personnel to a certain school
填鴨式教學 cramming method of teaching
啟發式教學 heuristic education
復合型人才 interdisciplinary talent
論文答辯 thesis oral defense
素質教育 quality-oriented education
教書育人 impart knowledge and educate people
九年制義務教務教育 nine-year compulsory education
德智體美勞全面發展
all around development of moral, intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor education
知識產權 intellectual property
因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude
碩博連讀
a continuous academic program that involves postgraduate and doctoral study
雙學位 double degree
雙向選擇 two-way selection
人才流失 brain drain
陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste and temperament
學生減負 alleviate the burden on students
學術交流 academic exchanges
學科帶頭人 pace-setter in scientific research
德才兼備 have both political integrity and ability
攻讀碩士學位 study for a doctoral degree
文科生 students of liberal arts
理科生 students of science
愛國主義教育 education in patriotism
擇優錄取 enroll the excellent students
畢業論文 graduation thesis
畢業設計 graduation project
義務教育 compulsory education
高等教育 higher education
選修課程 optional courses
主修課程 major courses
重點學科 key disciplinary areas
德智體全面發展的學生
students who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically
教育部 Ministry of Education
博士生導師 doctoral supervisors
世界觀﹑人生觀﹑價值觀 word outlook, outlook on life and values
政治類
不正之風 bad / harmful practice
霸權主義 hegemonism
奔小康 strive for a better-off life
論資排輩 assign priority according to seniority
持續發展 sustainable development
重復建設 redundant project
大鍋飯 egalitarian practice ( of everyone taking food from the same big pot)
多極化 multi-polarization
科學技術是第一生產力 Science and technology are the primary productive force.
機構臃腫 overstaffing in organization
機構改革 institutional restructuring; streamlining
反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government
窗口行業 service trade
核心競爭力 core competitiveness
減員增效 downsizing of staff and improving efficiency
減輕農民負擔 reduce farmer’s burdens; lighten the burden on them
跨越式發展 great-leap-forward development
跨世紀發展 trans-century project
民主集中制 democratic centralism
講誠信﹑反欺詐 honor credibility and oppose cheating
強權外交 power diplomacy
人浮于事 overstaffing
侵吞公款 embezzle public funds
群帶關系 networking through petticoat influence
求同存異 seek common ground on major issues while shelving differences on minor ones
濫用權力 abuse one’s power; misuse one’s authority
廉政建設 build a clean and honest government
三步走戰略 the three-step development strategy
三講教育 three emphases education—emphasize theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct
三峽工程 Three gorges project
貪腐腐化 corruption and degeneration
思想僵硬 fossilized concept
西部開發 the development of China’s west
發展是硬道理 Development is an invariable truth
堅持四項基本原則 uphold the four cardinal principles
地方保護主義 regional protectionism
拜金主義 money worship
賄賂 give and take bribery
走后門 get in by the back door / enter by the back door
和平演變 peaceful evolution
貪臟枉法 take bribes and bend the law
貪腐 abusing power for money
拉關系 try to establish a relationship with sb.
權錢交易 trading power for money
掃黃運動 anti-pornography campaign
公款吃喝 enjoy banquet on public funds
“一國兩制”的原則 the principle of “one country, two systems:”
兩大主題 two principle themes
堅持一個中國立場 stick to one-China position
全國人民代表大會 National People’s Congress
與國際接軌 synchronize with the world; accord with international norms
社會主義物質文明 socialist material wellbeing
社會主義精神文明 socialist culture and ideology
實現中華民族偉大復興 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation
歪風邪氣 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena
溫暖工程 adequate food and clothing program
知識產權 intellectual property right
綜合國力 comprehensive national strength
最低生活保障制度 systems for ensuring a minimum standard of living
政企分開 separate government functions from enterprise management
與時俱進 keep pace with the times
閑置人員 idle hand
養老保險 endowment insurance
以經濟建設為中心 focus on the central task of economic construction
下崗職工基本生活費 subsistence allowance for laid-off workers
世界觀﹑人生觀﹑價值觀 world outlook, outlook on life and values
實事求是 seek truth from facts
試點工程 pilot project
政府廉潔高效 clean and efficient government
戰略伙伴關系 strategic partnership
經濟貿易類
改革產業結構 reform the structure of industries
虧損企業 loss-making enterprises
搞活企業 enliven enterprises
加快現代化步伐 quicken the modernization drive
跨國公司 transnational corporation / multinational corporation
鄉鎮企業 township enterprises
國有企業 state-owned enterprises
合資企業 joint ventures
解放生產力 emancipate/ liberate productivity
振興國家經濟 invigorate our state economy
實行股份制 introduce the shareholding system
全面深化改革 deepen reform all round
提高經濟效益 improve economic results
增進效益 increase economic returns
宏觀經濟調控 macro-economic control and management
經濟實力 economic strength
經濟轉軌 economic transformation
經營機制 operative mechanism
整頓經濟秩序 rectify economic order
引進競爭機制 introduce a competitive mechanism
建立技術密集型企業 set up technologically-intensive enterprises
招商引資 canvass business and introduce investment
房地產 real estate
經濟特區 special economic zone
基礎設施 infrastructure facilities
劣質工程 jerry-built projects
投資熱點 investment hot spot
外向型經濟 export-oriented economy
按勞分配 distribute according to the work performance
打破平均主義 break / abandon equalitarian
沿海開放城市 open coastal cities
保稅區 bonded zone/ area
金融改革 banking system
國民生產總值 Gross National Product
扶貧項目 anti-poverty project
下海經商 plunge into the private business
協調發展 coordinate the development
住房改革 housing reform
社會保障體系 social security system
數字時代 digital times
信息高速公路 the information superhighway
虛擬社區 virtual communities
“菜藍子”工程 the “shopping-basket” project ( the non-staple food project)
拳頭產品 knock-out products/ competitive products
市場蕭條 slack market
中國質量萬里行 China’s Long March to Quality campaign
冒牌產品 fake brand-name products
假冒偽劣商品 fake and poor quality commodities
謀取暴力 reap colossal profits
提出索賠 lodge a claim
投訴 lodge complaint
貿易爭端 trade disputes
亂收費 random charges
市場疲軟 sluggish market
55 .貿易順差 favorable trade balance
貿易逆差 unfavorable trade balance
實行優惠政策 launch a preferential policy
繁榮市場 flourish the market
加入世貿組織 accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO
最惠國待遇 Most-Favored-Nation treatment
消費者協會 consumer’s association
消費者購買力 consumer purchasing power
新興市場 emerging market
抑制消費 control / inhibit consumption
無形資產 intangible assets
有形資產 tangible assets
市場占有率 market share
嚴重違約 grave breach of contract
泡沫經濟 bubble economy
品牌效應 brand effect
企業重組 reshuffle of enterprises
貿易壁壘 trade barrier
人才流失 brain drain
清理“三角債” break up the debt chain
企業文化 corporate culture
商業炒作 commercial speculation
擴大內需，刺激消費 expand domestic demand and consumption
拉動經濟增長 fuel economic growth
連鎖反應 chain reaction / domino effect
競爭優勢 competitive edge
經濟結構調整 economic restructuring
經濟增長點 economic growth point ; growth engine
經濟過熱 overheated economy
經濟滑坡 economic downturn
集約化經營 intensive management
灰色收入 gray income
福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system
分期付款 installment payment
從粗放經濟轉變為集約經濟 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy
按揭購房 buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house
邊際效益 marginal benefit
不良貸款 non-performing loan
裁減冗員 lay off redundant staff; cut down on overstaffing
物品更新換代 upgrade of products
創業園 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park
促進全球經濟一體化 foster integration with the global economy
家庭聯產承包責任制 household contract responsibility system
人才戰 competition for talented people
脫貧致富 shake/cast off poverty and set out a road to prosperity
資源優化配置 optimizing the allocation of resources
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