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      2. 5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識

        時間:2024-10-04 10:55:34 基礎(chǔ)英語 我要投稿
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        5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識

          零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)英語,大家要學(xué)好語法知識,下面5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識,你能記住多少?一起來看看。

        5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識

          名詞單復(fù)數(shù)

          1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

          2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

          3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

          4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

          5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japane

          6. 不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

          名詞的格

          (1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:

          a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt

          b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags

          c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoes

          并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有, 如:

          Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車

          要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加’s

          Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的'小汽車

          (2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關(guān)系:如:

          a picture of the classroom a map of China

          不定冠詞,定冠詞種類

          1. (1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle

          元音開頭的.可數(shù)名詞前用an :

          an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

          (2)定冠詞:the

          the egg the plane

          2. 用法:定冠詞的用法:

          (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk

          (2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

          (3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.

          (4)在序數(shù)詞前: John’s birthday is February the second.

          (5)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening

          不用冠詞的情況

          (1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.

          (2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.

          (3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

          (4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

          (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

          (6)球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

          但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.

          (7)學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.

          (8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.

          (9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus

          語法知識三:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等

          1.at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。

          at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)

          2.on

          1)表示具體日期。

          注:(1)關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法:

          at(on)the weekend在周末---特指

          at(on)weekends在周末---泛指

          over the weekend在整個周末

          during the weekend在周末期間

          (2)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說at Christmas?而不說on Christmas?

          2)在(剛……)的'時候。

          On reaching the city he called up his parents.

          一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。

          3.in

          1)表示"時段"、"時期",在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強調(diào)對比,后者強調(diào)持續(xù)。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))

          動詞的四種時態(tài)

          (1)一般現(xiàn)在時:

          一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成

          1. be動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。

          2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。

          當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。

          動詞+s的變化規(guī)則

          1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

          2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

          3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

          (2)一般過去時:

          動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的`構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:

          A、規(guī)則動詞

          ① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

          ② 以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

          ③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

          ④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped

          B、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,

          see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

          are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

          (3)一般將來時:

          基本結(jié)構(gòu):

          ①be going to + do;

          ②will+ do. be going to = will

          I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

          (4)現(xiàn)在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞

          動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:

          ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

          ② 以e 結(jié)尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

          ③ 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting.

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            5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識

              零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)英語,大家要學(xué)好語法知識,下面5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識,你能記住多少?一起來看看。

            5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識

              名詞單復(fù)數(shù)

              1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

              2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

              3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

              4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

              5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japane

              6. 不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

              名詞的格

              (1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:

              a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt

              b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags

              c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoes

              并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有, 如:

              Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車

              要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加’s

              Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的'小汽車

              (2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關(guān)系:如:

              a picture of the classroom a map of China

              不定冠詞,定冠詞種類

              1. (1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle

              元音開頭的.可數(shù)名詞前用an :

              an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

              (2)定冠詞:the

              the egg the plane

              2. 用法:定冠詞的用法:

              (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk

              (2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

              (3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.

              (4)在序數(shù)詞前: John’s birthday is February the second.

              (5)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening

              不用冠詞的情況

              (1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.

              (2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.

              (3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

              (4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

              (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

              (6)球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

              但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.

              (7)學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.

              (8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.

              (9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus

              語法知識三:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等

              1.at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。

              at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)

              2.on

              1)表示具體日期。

              注:(1)關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法:

              at(on)the weekend在周末---特指

              at(on)weekends在周末---泛指

              over the weekend在整個周末

              during the weekend在周末期間

              (2)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說at Christmas?而不說on Christmas?

              2)在(剛……)的'時候。

              On reaching the city he called up his parents.

              一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。

              3.in

              1)表示"時段"、"時期",在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強調(diào)對比,后者強調(diào)持續(xù)。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))

              動詞的四種時態(tài)

              (1)一般現(xiàn)在時:

              一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成

              1. be動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。

              2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。

              當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。

              動詞+s的變化規(guī)則

              1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

              2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

              3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

              (2)一般過去時:

              動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的`構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:

              A、規(guī)則動詞

              ① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

              ② 以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

              ③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

              ④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped

              B、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,

              see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

              are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

              (3)一般將來時:

              基本結(jié)構(gòu):

              ①be going to + do;

              ②will+ do. be going to = will

              I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

              (4)現(xiàn)在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞

              動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:

              ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

              ② 以e 結(jié)尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

              ③ 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting.