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2017中考必背英語(yǔ)單詞：容易混淆的動(dòng)詞
英語(yǔ)詞匯“join”和“take part in”都有“參加……”的意思，大家知道他們的具體用法么?下面是小編給大家整理的中考中常見的易混淆英語(yǔ)詞匯，希望能幫到大家!
[考試說(shuō)明] 了解及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞用法;掌握動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)以及疑問(wèn)詞連用構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)的基本用法;理解動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)的用法;初步掌握延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間動(dòng)詞在用法上的區(qū)別等。
1. join & take part in
[誤] He joined the League for two years.
[正] He joined the League two years ago.
[正] He has been in the League for two years.
[正] He has been a League member for two years.
join指“參加”組織，成為一個(gè)成員，join sb.意思是“加入某人”，take part in指參加活動(dòng)特別是大的運(yùn)動(dòng);如指“參加…多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”就要用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞be in或be a …member，而不能用join。
2. borrow & lend & keep
[誤] She has lent me the book for a week.
[正] She lent me the book a week ago.
[正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.
borrow和lend是短暫性動(dòng)詞，在肯定句里不和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，keep延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 borrow意思是“借(進(jìn))”，后面跟介詞from，lend意思是“借(出)”，后面跟介詞to，lend也可用于某些成語(yǔ)中，如lend sb. a hand。
3. come & be here
[誤] He has come here for three hours.
[正] He came here three hours ago.
[正] He has been here for three hours.
come是瞬間動(dòng)詞，不是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，在肯定句中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。而要與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，就要用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。 與此同類的還有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.
4. cost & take & spend & pay
[誤] I cost a lot of time to read stories.
[正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.
[正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.
cost除了錢的花費(fèi)以外，還能表示時(shí)間上的花費(fèi)，但常用物做主語(yǔ)。spend句子主語(yǔ)是人，可指花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢，但后面的動(dòng)詞要用-ing形式，后面也可跟名詞短語(yǔ)，介詞用on。pay句子主語(yǔ)是人，常與for連用，buy也常與for連用，但花費(fèi)“錢”要放在介詞for后面，而pay則放在介詞for前面。
5. lie & lay & lain
[誤] She laid down the book and laid in bed.
[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.
lie有兩個(gè)意思，一個(gè)是“說(shuō)謊”，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是在詞尾加-d;另一個(gè)是“躺，臥;位于”，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是lay、lain，現(xiàn)在分詞是lying。 lay意思是“放;孵(蛋)”，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是laid、laid。
6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of
[誤] The table is made from wood.
[正] The table is made of wood.
be made in意思是“由……生產(chǎn)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)地;be made of意思是“用……制成”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從成品上能看出原料，制成物沒改變?cè)系谋举|(zhì);be made from意思也是“用……制成”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從制成物上看不出原料，制成物已改變?cè)系谋举|(zhì);be made up of意思是“由……構(gòu)成或組成”，指人或物都可，指結(jié)構(gòu)成分。
7. stop to do & stop doing
[誤] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.
[正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.
[誤] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.
[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.
stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(開始)去做(別的某事)”，帶to的不定式在句子中作目的狀語(yǔ);stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”，帶-ing形式的動(dòng)名詞在句子中作賓語(yǔ)。
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